Capacitors

Capacitors are passive components that store and release electrical energy in an electric field. They block direct current (DC) but allow alternating current (AC) to pass.
Common functions include energy storage, filtering, voltage smoothing, decoupling, and timing. Major types are ceramic, electrolytic, film, and tantalum capacitors.
Key parameters are capacitance, voltage rating, tolerance, and temperature stability. They vary widely in size and performance for different uses.
Widely used in power supplies, signal circuits, and electronic systems to stabilize voltage, reduce noise, and control timing.